Energy-dependent evolution of ring current protons during magnetic storms

The Electric Current-systems of Magnetic Storms

1. This paper continues my discussion of the average characteristics of the field of geomagnetic disturbances or storms, given in two previous papers • which will be referred to as I and 2; the irregular part of magnetic disturbance is not considered. A condensed representation of the main average features of magnetic storms is given in 1 (pp. 61-72) and 2 (pp. 242-264), and evidence is describ...

Role of substorm-associated impulsive electric fields in the ring current development during storms

Particles with different energies produce varying contributions to the total ring current energy density as the storm progresses. Ring current energy densities and total ring current energies were obtained using particle data from the Polar CAMMICE/MICS instrument during several storms observed during the years 1996–1998. Four different energy ranges for particles are considered: total (1–200 k...

Interaction of Energetic Ring Current Protons with Magnetospheric Hydromagnetic Waves

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Titration Curves of Histidine Ring Protons

A single histidine C-2 proton resonance is seen to shift with change in pH in the NMR spectra of horse ferrocytochrome c, as previously found for horse ferricytochrome c (COHEN, J. S., FISHER, W. R., AND SCHECHTER, A. N. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 1113-1118). The pK, value (6.5) of this histidine residue in the reduced form is almost the same as that (6.4) in the oxidized form, and only a small...

Energy Loss of Ultrahigh Energy Protons in Strong Magnetic Fields

Ultrahigh energy protons in magnetic fields produce pions and thus lose energy. The mean free path of such a process is worked out for Gaussian random fields. Two cases are considered: an isotropic and a cylindrically symmetric distribution. The energy loss is proportional to E3〈B2〉; it becomes significant for protons of energies > ∼ 10 19eV and magnetic fields B > ∼ 10 9Gauss. For energies and...